描述数学图表时Native Speakers常用的地道短语&句型

房地产市场在2003年呈现出了上升的趋势。

反义：witness a downward trend 呈现出下降的趋势

The prices of consumer goods witnessed a downward trend.

消费品的价格呈现出下降的趋势。

联想：see an opposite trend 呈现出相反的趋势

In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.

相比之下，家具和设备的费用则呈现出相反的趋势。

The petrol price (汽油价格）rocketed to a record high.

汽油价格急速飞升到了历史最高纪录。

近义：soar to… 飞速上升至

The rate of heart disease soared to 79 per 1，000 people.

患心脏疾病的比例飞速上升至79%。

peak at… 在某位置到达最高点

The figures show that the unemployment rate peaked at 9.8% in October.

数据显示失业率在十月份达到了最高点9.

近义：reach the highest point 到达最高点

The crime rate rose throughout (在整个…)the 1990s and reached the highest point in 2001.

犯罪率在整个九十年代都在不断上升，直到2001年达到了顶峰。

a slump 下挫

There was a slump in the demand for new cars in 2007.

对于新车的需求在2007年有所下挫。

近义：a decline 下降

There was a substantial decline in the unemployment rate. 失业率有了显著的下降。

fall consistently from… to… 从…持续下降到…

After 2007，housing prices in the UK fell consistently through 2009.

从2007年到2009年英国的房价一直在持续下降。

近义：fall continuously from… to… 从…持续降至…

The criminal-offence rate fell continuously from 2001 to 2011.

刑事犯罪率从2001年开始到2011年，一直持续下降。

plummet to… 骤降至

That number rose to 3,900 by 2004 and then plummeted to 760 by 2008.

这个数字在2004年达到了 3900,然后到了 2008年却陡然骤降到760。

近义：drop swiftly to… 快速下降至…

The number of full-time jobs generated by the retail industry dropped swiftly to 14,000.

零售业所提供的全职岗位数量驟降至14000。

反义：go up steeply to… 迅速升至…

Then the interest rate went up steeply to 4.2%.

然后利率迅速升至4.2%。

bottom out 降至最低点

The government claimed that the recession (衰退）had bottomed out.

政府宣称经济衰退已经要触底反弹了。

近义：drop to its lowest level 降至最低点

Inflation dropped to its lowest level in five years.

通货膨胀率降到了近5年来的最低点。

reach a plateau 进入平稳状态

By 2002, this improvement had reached a plateau.

到了 2002年，这种上升势头开始进入了一个平稳的阶段。

近义：level out (at… ) / maintain the same level /remain stable 维持在（某个水平上）

The number of cases of the disease remained relatively stable in 2009.

在2009年，该病的病例数量维持在一个稳定的水平上。

反义：fluctuate around… / fluctuate between…and…

Their total leisure time per week fluctuated between 22 hours and 35 hours.

他们每周的空闲时间在22个小时到35个小时间上下波动。

…is predicted. 某现象很可能将出现

A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2020 and 2025.

到2020年至2025年期间可能会出现一个戏剧性的增长。

近义：…is anticipated. 某现象预期将发生

A hike (n. 上升）in the oil price is anticipated.

石油价格预期将会增长。

联想：is projected to… / is forecast to… 预计将会…

The figure is projected to reach 26.18% by 2050.

到2050年，这个数字将会达到26.18%。

exceed… 超过.

The energy available exceeded the energy demand from the late 1960s to the early 1980s.

从60年代末到80年代初期，能源一直是供大于求的。

近义：surpass… 超过

The growth rate of Molosop is expected to surpass that of Densaunt by 2035.

Molosop的增长率被预测在2035年将超过Densaunt的增长率。

double (可以作形容词、名词或者动词) 两倍/翻倍

The company profits doubled in 1998.

这家公司在1998年寿一番。

近义：be twice as many as… 两倍于…

The number of consumer complaints in 2005 was twice as many as that in 2001.

2005年中顾客投诉的数量是2001年数量的两倍。

联想：be three times as many as… / be four times as many as…

是某事物的三倍/四倍

The number of hospitals in this region is three times as many as that in Laneo.

这个地区医院的数量是Laneo的三倍。

be in stark contrast with… 与…形成鲜明的对比

This is in stark contrast with 1990 when 60% of those who held an undergraduate diploma were men.

这和1990年时 60% 的本科学历持有者是男人的事实形成了鲜明的对比。

近义：is in marked contrast with… 与…形成明显的对比

This new trend is in marked contrast with the trend it experienced in the 1980s.

这种新的潮流和在80年代曾流行的潮流形成了明显的对比。

联想：over the following… days / months / years 在之后的某段时间里

The number of patients fell sharply over the following three months.

在之后的三个月里，病人的数量急剧下降。

is only marginally more…than… 与…相比仅是略微更……

Thus we can see that the new organization is only marginally more efficient than the old one.

所以我们能看出这个新的机构与旧的那家相比也只是略微更高效一点。

近义：is only fractionally more… than… 与…相比仅稍微更…

The aging of the population is only fractionally faster than that in the last decade.

如今人口老龄化的速度相比上个十年来说只是稍微加速了一点。

反义：is considerably more…than… 远比…更加

Keolho’s birth rate is considerably higher than that of Nowsba.

Keolho的出生率远比Nowsba的要高。

be composed of … 由…组成

Team A was composed of five staff members.

A组是由5名队员组成的。

近义：consist of… 由…构成

System B consists of six components.

B系统是由6个元件组成的。

in inverse proportion to… 成反比地

The amount of money people save increases in inverse proportion to the amount they spend.

人们省下的钱和他们花出的钱呈反比上升。

反义：in proportion to… 成正比地

The amount of energy consumed in this factory is in proportion to its number of products.

这家工厂消耗的能源和它生产的产品数量成正比。

the corresponding figure（某个数字）在另一组数据中所对应的数字

While spending increased for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on workers’salaries.

设备与保险的支出增加，而书籍和工人工资等费用则出现了相应的减少。

联想：Interestingly, … 有趣的是，……

Interestingly，when there are three or more children in the household，men are found to work even fewer hours around the house.

有趣的是，当家里 有三个或更多的孩子的时候，男人往往却会减少在家里千活的时间。

联想：Not surprisingly, … 相应很自然的是，……

Not surprisingly, the number of cases of the disease dropped to approximately 1,700 in 2008.

很自然地，这种病的病例数在2008年降到了大约1700。

whereas 而

这个词经常被native speakers用来在书面的复杂句中引导从句，与主句形成对比

The graph indicates that on average men had 52 hours of leisure per week whereas women only had approximately 39 hours.

这张图表显示平均来说，男人每周可以拥有52个小时的休闲时间， 而女人只有39个小时。

近义：while 而同时

也经常用于在复杂句中引导从句，与主句构成对比

More men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men.

越来越多的女性拥有本科学历，而男性则更多地集中在更高或更低的学历区间中。